Researchers from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), and Universiteit van Gent (UGent) have taken an important step in the development of a new therapeutic HIV vaccine. Their study, published in Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids, demonstrates the effectiveness of an mRNA-based vaccine, encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles, to strengthen the immune system and potentially reduce reliance on traditional antiretroviral therapies.

Professor Joeri Aerts (VUB), the lead researcher, explains: “Unlike conventional prophylactic vaccines, our therapeutic vaccine aims to strengthen the immune system of individuals already infected with HIV, with the goal of controlling the virus."

The researchers hope this will reduces dependence on daily medications, which are often difficult to access, have side effects, and are expensive.

“The technology behind this vaccine is similar to that used in COVID-19 vaccines but with a crucial modification: the lipid nanoparticles developed by our colleagues in Ghent include an additional immune-boosting signal, enhancing the vaccine's effectiveness,” Aerts continues.
“Our research shows that this approach generates a robust immune response against HIV not only in the bloodstream but also in the gut, where HIV primarily hides. One of the most remarkable findings is the targeted activation of CD8+ T-cells, which kill HIV-infected cells, while limiting the activation of CD4+ T-cells, the primary targets of HIV. This makes the vaccine especially promising in the fight against HIV,” adds Sabine den Roover (VUB), co-lead author.

A New Perspective for HIV Treatment

Although the research has been conducted in mice, the researchers are optimistic about its potential for human application.

“We have years of experience with clinical trials in this field, and this new vaccine offers a unique opportunity to make a difference for HIV patients worldwide,” Aerts states. “With the right support, we hope to move to human trials soon.”

The publication comes just ahead of World AIDS Day on December 1, which this year emphasizes the theme "End Inequalities. End AIDS. End Pandemics." This research aligns perfectly by contributing innovative, affordable solutions to accelerate the global fight against HIV.

“Our hope is that this new vaccine technology will not only improve the quality of life for people with HIV but also help reduce inequalities in access to effective treatments,” concludes Professor Aerts.

Reference:

Sabine den Roover, Rein Verbeke, Ilke Aernout, Sofie Meulewater, Joëlle Cosyns, Jessy Meert, Sarah Vanbellingen, Thessa Laeremans, Ine Lentacker, Joeri L. Aerts. The role of mRNA-galsomes and LNPs in enhancing HIV-specific T cell responses across various lymphoid organs. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids, Volume 35, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102372

Contact:

Prof. Joeri Aerts: joeri.aerts@vub.be 0496393546

Dr. Sabine den Roover: sabine.den.roover@vub.be 048512334